... CO 2 low temperature heat transfer pressure drop flow patterns surface condition C O 2 was reintroduced as an alternate refrigerant because of environmental concerns, and some commercial products using C O 2 as a working fluid are already on the market...

...Yoon Jo Kim; Jeremy Jang; Predrag S. Hrnjak; Min Soo Kim This paper presents heat transfer data for the condensation of CO 2 at low temperatures in horizontal smooth and microfin tubes. The test tubes included a 3.48 mm inner diameter smooth tube and a 3.51 mm melt-down diameter microfin tube...

... ) , ( b ) present study ( D i = 3.48 mm ) . 13 08 2007 06 05 2008 03 09 2008 air conditioning microchannel flow pipe flow refrigeration two-phase flow carbon dioxide microfin tube pressure drop low temperature two-phase One of the most...

... , J. , and Kleinsorge , B. , 2003 , “ Low-Temperature Growth of Carbon Nanotubes by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition ,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 10.1063/1.1589187 , 83 ( 1 ), pp. 135 – 137 . Amama , P. B. , Ogebule , O. , Maschmann , M. R. , Sands , T. D...

... September 2001 19 July 2002 29 01 2003 ice freezing thermal conductivity density surface energy drops contact angle Heat Transfer Low Temperature Plasma Plate Properties Frosting is a well-known and undesirable in most technical applications phenomenon, which occurs...

... Transfer Low Temperature Microscale Phase Change The process of freezing biological tissue continues to be actively studied because of its central role in two important biomedical applications, cryosurgery, and cryopreservation. Cryosurgery has been in clinical use for years as a method...

...R. S. Prasher; P. E. Phelan 30 Dec 1997 22 July 1998 05 12 2007 Heat Transfer Low Temperature Thermophysical Thin Films Allen R. F. , and De Wette F. W. , 1969 , “ Calculation of Dynamical Surface Properties of Noble-Gas Crystals. I. The Quasiharmonic...