... were taken under stationary laser welding. In view of high surface velocity in comparison with the small scanning speed of incident energy, the comparison between the predicted result and experimental data may be still valid not only in the steady state but also in any transient state. The peak surface...

...Jun Zhou; Hai-Lung Tsai Porosity has been frequently observed in solidified, deep penetration pulsed laser welds. Porosity is detrimental to weld quality. Our previous study shows that porosity formation in laser welding is associated with the weld pool dynamics, keyhole collapse...

...Jun Zhou; Hai-Lung Tsai; Pei-Chung Wang Numerical and experimental studies were conducted to investigate the heat transfer, fluid flow, and keyhole dynamics during a pulsed keyhole laser welding. A comprehensive mathematical model has been developed. In the model, the continuum formulation was used...