Sandwich structures are gaining wide applications in aeronautical, marine, automotive, and civil engineering. Since such sheets can be subjected to stamping processes, it is crucial to characterize their forming behavior before trying out any conventional forming process. To achieve this goal, sandwich sheets of Al 3105/polymer/Al 3105 were prepared using thin film hot melt adheres. Different sandwich specimens with different thickness ratios (of polymer core to aluminum face sheet) were prepared. Throughout an experimental effort, the limiting drawing ratios (LDRs) of the sandwich sheets were determined. Besides, the LDR of the sandwich sheets were predicted using finite element analysis simulations by considering Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman damage model. The results show the capability of the damage model to predict the LDR and the location of damaged zone in a workpiece during a forming operation.

1.
Burchitz
,
I.
,
Boesenkool
,
R.
,
Zwaag
,
S.
, and
Tassoul
,
M.
, 2005, “
Highlights of Designing With Hylite—A New Material Concept
,”
Mater. Des.
0264-1275,
26
(
4
), pp.
271
279
.
2.
Somayajulu
,
T. S. V.
, 2004, “
Vibration and Formability Characteristics of Aluminium-Polymer Sandwich Material
,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
3.
Kim
,
K. J.
, and
Chung
,
K.
, 2003, “
Formability of AA5182/Polypropylene/AA5182 Sandwich Sheets
,”
J. Mater. Process. Technol.
0924-0136,
139
(
1–3
), pp.
1
7
.
4.
Mohr
,
D.
, 2005, “
On the Role of Shear Strength in Sandwich Sheet Forming
,”
Int. J. Solids Struct.
0020-7683,
42
(
5–6
), pp.
1491
1512
.
5.
Ruokolainen
,
R. B.
, and
Sigler
,
D. R.
, 2008, “
The Effect of Adhesion and Tensile Properties on the Formability of Laminated Steels
,”
J. Mater. Eng. Perform.
1059-9495,
17
(
3
), pp.
330
339
.
6.
Kim
,
J. K.
, and
Thomason
,
P. F.
, 1990, “
Forming Behavior of Sheet Steel Laminates
,”
J. Mater. Process. Technol.
0924-0136,
22
(
1
), pp.
45
64
.
7.
Evangelista
,
S. H.
,
Lirani
,
J.
, and
Al-Qureshi
,
H. A.
, 2002, “
Implementing a Modified Marciniak-Kuczynski Model Using the Finite Element Method for the Simulation of Sheet Metal Deep Drawing
,”
J. Mater. Process. Technol.
0924-0136,
130–131
, pp.
135
144
.
8.
Huang
,
Y. M.
,
Tsai
,
Y. W.
, and
Li
,
C. L.
, 2008, “
Analysis of Forming Limits in Metal Forming Processes
,”
J. Mater. Process. Technol.
0924-0136,
201
(
1–3
), pp.
385
389
.
9.
Parsa
,
M. H.
,
Yamaguchi
,
K.
, and
Takakura
,
N.
, 2001, “
Redrawing Analysis of Aluminum-Stainless Steel Laminated Sheet Using FEM Simulation and Experiments
,”
Int. J. Mech. Sci.
0020-7403,
43
(
10
), pp.
2331
2347
.
10.
Obermeyer
,
E. J.
, and
Majlessi
,
S. A.
, 1998, “
A Review of Recent Advances in the Application of Blank-Holder Force Towards Improving the Forming Limits of Sheet Metal Parts
,”
J. Mater. Process. Technol.
0924-0136,
75
(
1–3
), pp.
222
234
.
11.
Khelifa
,
M.
,
Oudjene
,
M.
, and
Khennane
,
A.
, 2007, “
Fracture in Sheet Metal Forming: Effects of Ductile Damage Evolution
,”
Comput. Struct.
0045-7949,
85
(
3–4
), pp.
205
212
.
12.
Uthaisangsuk
,
V.
,
Prahl
,
U.
, and
Münstermann
,
S.
, 2008, “
Experimental and Numerical Failure Criterion for Formability Prediction in Sheet Metal Forming
,”
Comput. Mater. Sci.
0927-0256,
43
(
1
), pp.
43
50
.
13.
Chen
,
Z
, and
Dong
,
X.
, 2009, “
The GTN Damage based on Hill’s Anisotropic Yield Criterion and Its Application in Sheet Metal Forming
,”
Comput. Mater. Sci.
0927-0256,
44
(
3
), pp.
1013
1021
.
14.
Sanchez
,
P. J.
,
Huespe
,
A. E.
, and
Oliver
,
J.
, 2008, “
On Some Topics for the Numerical Simulation of Ductile Fracture
,”
Int. J. Plast.
0749-6419,
24
(
6
), pp.
1008
1038
.
15.
Dutta
,
B. K.
,
Guin
,
S.
,
Sahu
,
M. K.
, and
Samal
,
M. K.
, 2008, “
A Phenomenological Form of the q2 Parameter in the Gurson Model
,”
Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping
0308-0161,
85
(
4
), pp.
199
210
.
16.
Harewood
,
F. J.
, and
McHugh
,
P. E.
, 2007, “
Comparison of the Implicit and Explicit Finite Element Methods Using Crystal Plasticity
,”
Comput. Mater. Sci.
0927-0256,
39
(
2
), pp.
481
494
.
17.
Van der boogaard
,
A. H.
, 2002, “
Thermally Enhanced Forming of Aluminum Sheet-Modelling and Experiment
,” Ph.D. thesis, Twente University, Enschede, The Netherlands.
18.
2001, “
Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesively Bonded Plastic Lap-Shear Sandwich Joints in Shear by Tension Loading
,” ASTM D 3164-97.
19.
Parsa
,
M. H.
, and
Ettehad
,
M.
, 2008, “
Prediction of Delamination during Deep-Drawing of Steel-Polymer-Steel Sandwich Sheet Material
,”
Ninth International Conference on Technology of Plasticity
, Gyeongju, Korea.
20.
2007, ABAQUS/EXPLICIT: User’s Examples and Theory Manuals, Dassault Systèmes.
21.
Chen
,
M.
,
Li
,
H.
, and
Zhang
,
X.
, 2007, “
Improvement of Shear of Aluminum-Polypropylene Lap Joints by Grafting Maleic Anhydride Onto Polypropylene
,”
Int. J. Adhes. Adhes.
0143-7496,
27
(
3
), pp.
175
187
.
22.
2001, “
Standard Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test)
,” ASTM D 1876-00.
23.
Stoughton
,
T. B.
, 2000, “
A General Forming Limit Criterion for Sheet Metal Forming
,”
Int. J. Mech. Sci.
0020-7403,
42
(
1
), pp.
1
27
.
24.
Matin
,
P. H.
, and
Smith
,
L. M.
, 2005, “
Practical Limitations to the Influence of Transverse Normal Stress on Sheet Metal Formability
,”
Int. J. Plast.
0749-6419,
21
(
4
), pp.
671
690
.
You do not currently have access to this content.