... numerically, accounting for geometric nonlinearities, local buckling phenomena, inelastic material behavior and contact between the two pipes. A three-dimensional model is developed, which simulates the manufacturing process in the first stage of the analysis and, subsequently, proceeds in the bending...

... local buckling and a variety of strain and stress based criteria. The methodology presented in the paper was developed and successfully used for several pipeline and electrical cable projects in ice gouge environments. Significantly reduced burial depth requirements have been demonstrated through...